# sanitize.css [][sanitize.css]
[sanitize.css] is a CSS library that provides consistent, cross-browser
default styling of HTML elements alongside useful defaults.
**sanitize.css** is developed alongside [normalize.css], which means every
normalization is included, and every normalization and opinion are clearly
marked and documented.
**sanitize.css** wraps styles in zero-specificity selectors using `:where()`.
## Usage
```html
```
[Learn more about `sanitize.css`](#features).
#### Forms CSS
A separate stylesheet that normalizes form controls without side effects.
```html
```
[Learn more about `forms.css`](#forms).
#### Assets CSS
A separate stylesheet that applies a comfortable measure to plain documents.
```html
```
[Learn more about `assets.css`](#assets).
#### Typography CSS
A separate stylesheet that normalizes typography using system interface fonts.
```html
```
[Learn more about `typography.css`](#typography).
#### Reduce Motion CSS
A separate stylesheet for restricting motion when the user has requested this at system level.
```html
```
[Learn more about `reduce-motion.css`](#reduce-motion).
#### System-UI
A separate stylesheet that adds support for using `system-ui` in Firefox.
```html
```
#### UI-Monospace
A separate stylesheet that adds support for using `ui-monospace` in Chrome, Edge, and Firefox.
```html
```
## Install
```sh
npm install sanitize.css --save
```
#### Webpack Usage
Import [sanitize.css] in CSS:
```css
@import '~sanitize.css';
@import '~sanitize.css/forms.css';
@import '~sanitize.css/typography.css';
```
Alternatively, import [sanitize.css] in JS:
```js
import 'sanitize.css';
import 'sanitize.css/forms.css';
import 'sanitize.css/typography.css';
```
In `webpack.config.js`, be sure to use the appropriate loaders:
```js
module.exports = {
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [ 'style-loader', 'css-loader' ]
}
]
}
}
```
**Download**
See https://csstools.github.io/sanitize.css/latest/sanitize.css
## What does it do?
* Normalizes styles for a wide range of elements.
* Corrects bugs and common browser inconsistencies.
* Provides common, useful defaults.
* Explains what code does using detailed comments.
## Browser support
* Chrome (last 2)
* Edge (last 2)
* Firefox (last 2)
* Firefox ESR
* Opera (last 2)
* Safari (last 2)
* iOS Safari (last 2)
* Internet Explorer 9+
## Differences
[normalize.css] and [sanitize.css] correct browser bugs while carefully testing
and documenting changes. normalize.css styles adhere to css specifications.
sanitize.css styles adhere to common developer expectations and preferences.
[reset.css] unstyles all elements. Both sanitize.css and normalize.css are
maintained in sync.
## Features
##### Box sizing defaults to border-box
```css
*, ::before, ::after {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
```
##### Backgrounds do not repeat by default
```css
*, ::before, ::after {
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
```
##### Pseudo-elements inherit text decoration and vertical alignment
```css
::before,
::after {
text-decoration: inherit;
vertical-align: inherit;
}
```
##### Cursors only change to hint non-obvious interfaces
```css
html {
cursor: default;
}
```
##### Text has a comfortable line height in all browsers
```css
html {
line-height: 1.5;
}
```
##### Tabs appear the same on the web as in a typical editor
```css
html {
tab-size: 4;
}
```
##### Words break to prevent overflow
```css
html {
word-break: break-all;
}
```
##### Documents do not use a margin for outer padding
```css
body {
margin: 0;
}
```
##### Navigation lists do not include a marker style
```css
nav ol, nav ul {
list-style: none;
padding: 0;
}
```
##### Media elements align to the text center of other content
```css
audio, canvas, iframe, img, svg, video {
vertical-align: middle;
}
```
##### SVGs fallback to the current text color
```css
svg:not([fill]) {
fill: currentColor;
}
```
##### Tables do not include additional border spacing
```css
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
}
```
##### Textareas only resize vertically by default
```css
textarea {
resize: vertical;
}
```
##### Single taps are dispatched immediately on clickable elements
```css
a, area, button, input, label, select, summary, textarea, [tabindex] {
-ms-touch-action: manipulation;
touch-action: manipulation;
}
```
##### ARIA roles include visual cursor hints
```css
[aria-busy="true"] {
cursor: progress;
}
[aria-controls] {
cursor: pointer;
}
[aria-disabled="true"], [disabled] {
cursor: default;
}
```
##### Visually hidden content remains accessible
```css
[aria-hidden="false"][hidden] {
display: initial;
}
[aria-hidden="false"][hidden]:not(:focus) {
clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
position: absolute;
}
```
---
## Forms
[sanitize.css] includes a separate stylesheet for normalizing forms using
minimal, standards-like styling.
```html
```
### Forms Features
##### Form controls appear visually consistent and restyle consistently
```css
button, input, select, textarea {
background-color: transparent;
border: 1px solid WindowFrame;
color: inherit;
font: inherit;
letter-spacing: inherit;
padding: 0.25em 0.375em;
}
[type="color"],
[type="range"] {
border-width: 0;
padding: 0;
}
```
##### Expandable select controls appear visually consistent
```css
select {
-moz-appearance: none;
-webkit-appearance: none;
background: no-repeat right center / 1em;
border-radius: 0;
padding-right: 1em;
}
select:not([multiple]):not([size]) {
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='4'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 0h6L7 4'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
::-ms-expand {
display: none;
}
```
##### Placeholders appear visually consistent in Internet Explorer
```css
:-ms-input-placeholder {
color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);
}
```
## Assets
[sanitize.css] includes a separate stylesheet for normalizing restricting the
size of assets in all browsers.
```html
```
### Assets Features
##### Assets use a comfortable measure in all browsers
```css
iframe,
img,
input,
select,
textarea {
height: auto;
max-width: 100%;
}
```
## Typography
[sanitize.css] includes a separate stylesheet for normalizing typography using
system interface fonts.
```html
```
### Typography Features
##### Typography uses the default system font
```css
html {
font-family:
system-ui,
/* macOS 10.11-10.12 */ -apple-system,
/* Windows 6+ */ Segoe UI,
/* Android 4+ */ Roboto,
/* Ubuntu 10.10+ */ Ubuntu,
/* Gnome 3+ */ Cantarell,
/* KDE Plasma 5+ */ Noto Sans,
/* fallback */ sans-serif,
/* macOS emoji */ "Apple Color Emoji",
/* Windows emoji */ "Segoe UI Emoji",
/* Windows emoji */ "Segoe UI Symbol",
/* Linux emoji */ "Noto Color Emoji";
}
```
##### Pre-formatted and code-formatted text uses the monospace system font
```css
code, kbd, pre, samp {
font-family:
/* macOS 10.10+ */ Menlo,
/* Windows 6+ */ Consolas,
/* Android 4+ */ Roboto Mono,
/* Ubuntu 10.10+ */ Ubuntu Monospace,
/* KDE Plasma 5+ */ Noto Mono,
/* KDE Plasma 4+ */ Oxygen Mono,
/* Linux/OpenOffice fallback */ Liberation Mono,
/* fallback */ monospace;
}
```
## Reduce Motion
[sanitize.css] includes a separate stylesheet for restricting motion when the
user has requested this at a system level.
```html
```
### Reduce Motion Features
##### Animations, scrolling effects, and transitions are reduced in all browsers
```css
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
*,
::before,
::after {
animation-delay: -1ms !important;
animation-duration: 1ms !important;
animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
background-attachment: initial !important;
scroll-behavior: auto !important;
transition-delay: 0s !important;
transition-duration: 0s !important;
}
}
```
## Contributing
Please read the [contribution guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) in order to make the
contribution process easy and effective for everyone involved.
## Acknowledgements
sanitize.css is a project by [Jonathan Neal](https://github.com/jonathantneal),
built upon normalize.css, a project by
[Jonathan Neal](https://github.com/jonathantneal),
co-created with [Nicolas Gallagher](https://github.com/necolas).
[normalize.css]: https://github.com/csstools/normalize.css
[reset.css]: http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/
[sanitize.css]: https://github.com/csstools/sanitize.css
][sanitize.css]
[sanitize.css] is a CSS library that provides consistent, cross-browser
default styling of HTML elements alongside useful defaults.
**sanitize.css** is developed alongside [normalize.css], which means every
normalization is included, and every normalization and opinion are clearly
marked and documented.
**sanitize.css** wraps styles in zero-specificity selectors using `:where()`.
## Usage
```html
```
[Learn more about `sanitize.css`](#features).
#### Forms CSS
A separate stylesheet that normalizes form controls without side effects.
```html
```
[Learn more about `forms.css`](#forms).
#### Assets CSS
A separate stylesheet that applies a comfortable measure to plain documents.
```html
```
[Learn more about `assets.css`](#assets).
#### Typography CSS
A separate stylesheet that normalizes typography using system interface fonts.
```html
```
[Learn more about `typography.css`](#typography).
#### Reduce Motion CSS
A separate stylesheet for restricting motion when the user has requested this at system level.
```html
```
[Learn more about `reduce-motion.css`](#reduce-motion).
#### System-UI
A separate stylesheet that adds support for using `system-ui` in Firefox.
```html
```
#### UI-Monospace
A separate stylesheet that adds support for using `ui-monospace` in Chrome, Edge, and Firefox.
```html
```
## Install
```sh
npm install sanitize.css --save
```
#### Webpack Usage
Import [sanitize.css] in CSS:
```css
@import '~sanitize.css';
@import '~sanitize.css/forms.css';
@import '~sanitize.css/typography.css';
```
Alternatively, import [sanitize.css] in JS:
```js
import 'sanitize.css';
import 'sanitize.css/forms.css';
import 'sanitize.css/typography.css';
```
In `webpack.config.js`, be sure to use the appropriate loaders:
```js
module.exports = {
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [ 'style-loader', 'css-loader' ]
}
]
}
}
```
**Download**
See https://csstools.github.io/sanitize.css/latest/sanitize.css
## What does it do?
* Normalizes styles for a wide range of elements.
* Corrects bugs and common browser inconsistencies.
* Provides common, useful defaults.
* Explains what code does using detailed comments.
## Browser support
* Chrome (last 2)
* Edge (last 2)
* Firefox (last 2)
* Firefox ESR
* Opera (last 2)
* Safari (last 2)
* iOS Safari (last 2)
* Internet Explorer 9+
## Differences
[normalize.css] and [sanitize.css] correct browser bugs while carefully testing
and documenting changes. normalize.css styles adhere to css specifications.
sanitize.css styles adhere to common developer expectations and preferences.
[reset.css] unstyles all elements. Both sanitize.css and normalize.css are
maintained in sync.
## Features
##### Box sizing defaults to border-box
```css
*, ::before, ::after {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
```
##### Backgrounds do not repeat by default
```css
*, ::before, ::after {
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
```
##### Pseudo-elements inherit text decoration and vertical alignment
```css
::before,
::after {
text-decoration: inherit;
vertical-align: inherit;
}
```
##### Cursors only change to hint non-obvious interfaces
```css
html {
cursor: default;
}
```
##### Text has a comfortable line height in all browsers
```css
html {
line-height: 1.5;
}
```
##### Tabs appear the same on the web as in a typical editor
```css
html {
tab-size: 4;
}
```
##### Words break to prevent overflow
```css
html {
word-break: break-all;
}
```
##### Documents do not use a margin for outer padding
```css
body {
margin: 0;
}
```
##### Navigation lists do not include a marker style
```css
nav ol, nav ul {
list-style: none;
padding: 0;
}
```
##### Media elements align to the text center of other content
```css
audio, canvas, iframe, img, svg, video {
vertical-align: middle;
}
```
##### SVGs fallback to the current text color
```css
svg:not([fill]) {
fill: currentColor;
}
```
##### Tables do not include additional border spacing
```css
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
}
```
##### Textareas only resize vertically by default
```css
textarea {
resize: vertical;
}
```
##### Single taps are dispatched immediately on clickable elements
```css
a, area, button, input, label, select, summary, textarea, [tabindex] {
-ms-touch-action: manipulation;
touch-action: manipulation;
}
```
##### ARIA roles include visual cursor hints
```css
[aria-busy="true"] {
cursor: progress;
}
[aria-controls] {
cursor: pointer;
}
[aria-disabled="true"], [disabled] {
cursor: default;
}
```
##### Visually hidden content remains accessible
```css
[aria-hidden="false"][hidden] {
display: initial;
}
[aria-hidden="false"][hidden]:not(:focus) {
clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
position: absolute;
}
```
---
## Forms
[sanitize.css] includes a separate stylesheet for normalizing forms using
minimal, standards-like styling.
```html
```
### Forms Features
##### Form controls appear visually consistent and restyle consistently
```css
button, input, select, textarea {
background-color: transparent;
border: 1px solid WindowFrame;
color: inherit;
font: inherit;
letter-spacing: inherit;
padding: 0.25em 0.375em;
}
[type="color"],
[type="range"] {
border-width: 0;
padding: 0;
}
```
##### Expandable select controls appear visually consistent
```css
select {
-moz-appearance: none;
-webkit-appearance: none;
background: no-repeat right center / 1em;
border-radius: 0;
padding-right: 1em;
}
select:not([multiple]):not([size]) {
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='4'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 0h6L7 4'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
::-ms-expand {
display: none;
}
```
##### Placeholders appear visually consistent in Internet Explorer
```css
:-ms-input-placeholder {
color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);
}
```
## Assets
[sanitize.css] includes a separate stylesheet for normalizing restricting the
size of assets in all browsers.
```html
```
### Assets Features
##### Assets use a comfortable measure in all browsers
```css
iframe,
img,
input,
select,
textarea {
height: auto;
max-width: 100%;
}
```
## Typography
[sanitize.css] includes a separate stylesheet for normalizing typography using
system interface fonts.
```html
```
### Typography Features
##### Typography uses the default system font
```css
html {
font-family:
system-ui,
/* macOS 10.11-10.12 */ -apple-system,
/* Windows 6+ */ Segoe UI,
/* Android 4+ */ Roboto,
/* Ubuntu 10.10+ */ Ubuntu,
/* Gnome 3+ */ Cantarell,
/* KDE Plasma 5+ */ Noto Sans,
/* fallback */ sans-serif,
/* macOS emoji */ "Apple Color Emoji",
/* Windows emoji */ "Segoe UI Emoji",
/* Windows emoji */ "Segoe UI Symbol",
/* Linux emoji */ "Noto Color Emoji";
}
```
##### Pre-formatted and code-formatted text uses the monospace system font
```css
code, kbd, pre, samp {
font-family:
/* macOS 10.10+ */ Menlo,
/* Windows 6+ */ Consolas,
/* Android 4+ */ Roboto Mono,
/* Ubuntu 10.10+ */ Ubuntu Monospace,
/* KDE Plasma 5+ */ Noto Mono,
/* KDE Plasma 4+ */ Oxygen Mono,
/* Linux/OpenOffice fallback */ Liberation Mono,
/* fallback */ monospace;
}
```
## Reduce Motion
[sanitize.css] includes a separate stylesheet for restricting motion when the
user has requested this at a system level.
```html
```
### Reduce Motion Features
##### Animations, scrolling effects, and transitions are reduced in all browsers
```css
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
*,
::before,
::after {
animation-delay: -1ms !important;
animation-duration: 1ms !important;
animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
background-attachment: initial !important;
scroll-behavior: auto !important;
transition-delay: 0s !important;
transition-duration: 0s !important;
}
}
```
## Contributing
Please read the [contribution guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) in order to make the
contribution process easy and effective for everyone involved.
## Acknowledgements
sanitize.css is a project by [Jonathan Neal](https://github.com/jonathantneal),
built upon normalize.css, a project by
[Jonathan Neal](https://github.com/jonathantneal),
co-created with [Nicolas Gallagher](https://github.com/necolas).
[normalize.css]: https://github.com/csstools/normalize.css
[reset.css]: http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/
[sanitize.css]: https://github.com/csstools/sanitize.css