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# PostCSS Nesting [<img src="https://postcss.github.io/postcss/logo.svg" alt="PostCSS" width="90" height="90" align="right">][postcss]
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[![NPM Version][npm-img]][npm-url]
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[![CSS Standard Status][css-img]][css-url]
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[<img alt="Discord" src="https://shields.io/badge/Discord-5865F2?logo=discord&logoColor=white">][discord]
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[PostCSS Nesting] lets you nest style rules inside each other, following the
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[CSS Nesting] specification. If you want nested rules the same way [Sass] works
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you might want to use [PostCSS Nested] instead.
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```pcss
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a, b {
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color: red;
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& c, & d {
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color: white;
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}
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}
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/* becomes */
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a, b {
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color: red;
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}
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a c, a d, b c, b d {
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color: white;
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}
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```
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## Usage
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Add [PostCSS Nesting] to your project:
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```bash
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npm install postcss-nesting --save-dev
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```
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Use [PostCSS Nesting] to process your CSS:
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```js
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import postcssNesting from 'postcss-nesting';
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postcssNesting.process(YOUR_CSS /*, processOptions, pluginOptions */);
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```
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Or use it as a [PostCSS] plugin:
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```js
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import postcss from 'postcss';
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import postcssNesting from 'postcss-nesting';
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postcss([
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postcssNesting(/* pluginOptions */)
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]).process(YOUR_CSS /*, processOptions */);
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```
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[PostCSS Nesting] runs in all Node environments, with special instructions for:
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| [Node](INSTALL.md#node) | [Webpack](INSTALL.md#webpack) | [Create React App](INSTALL.md#create-react-app) | [Gulp](INSTALL.md#gulp) | [Grunt](INSTALL.md#grunt) |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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### Deno
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You can also use [PostCSS Nesting] on [Deno]:
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```js
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import postcss from "https://deno.land/x/postcss/mod.js";
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import postcssNesting from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/postcss-nesting@10/mod.js";
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await postcss([postcssNesting]).process(YOUR_CSS /*, processOptions */);
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```
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## Options
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### noIsPseudoSelector
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#### Specificity
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Before :
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```css
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#alpha,
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.beta {
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&:hover {
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order: 1;
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}
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}
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```
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After **without** the option :
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```js
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postcssNesting()
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```
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```css
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:is(#alpha,.beta):hover {
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order: 1;
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}
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```
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_`.beta:hover` has specificity as if `.beta` where an id selector, matching the specification._
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[specificity: 1, 1, 0](https://polypane.app/css-specificity-calculator/#selector=%3Ais(%23alpha%2C.beta)%3Ahover)
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After **with** the option :
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```js
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postcssNesting({
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noIsPseudoSelector: true
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})
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```
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```css
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#alpha:hover, .beta:hover {
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order: 1;
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}
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```
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_`.beta:hover` has specificity as if `.beta` where a class selector, conflicting with the specification._
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[specificity: 0, 2, 0](https://polypane.app/css-specificity-calculator/#selector=.beta%3Ahover)
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#### Complex selectors
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Before :
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```css
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.alpha > .beta {
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& + & {
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order: 2;
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}
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}
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```
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After **without** the option :
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```js
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postcssNesting()
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```
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```css
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:is(.alpha > .beta) + :is(.alpha > .beta) {
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order: 2;
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}
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```
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After **with** the option :
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```js
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postcssNesting({
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noIsPseudoSelector: true
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})
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```
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```css
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.alpha > .beta + .alpha > .beta {
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order: 2;
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}
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```
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_this is a different selector than expected as `.beta + .alpha` matches `.beta` followed by `.alpha`._<br>
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_avoid these cases when you disable `:is()`_<br>
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_writing the selector without nesting is advised here_
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```css
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/* without nesting */
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.alpha > .beta + .beta {
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order: 2;
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}
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```
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### ⚠️ Spec disclaimer
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The [CSS Nesting Module] spec states on nesting that "Declarations occuring after a nested rule are invalid and ignored.".
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While we think it makes sense on browsers, enforcing this at the plugin level introduces several constrains that would
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interfere with PostCSS' plugin nature such as with `@mixin`
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[css-img]: https://cssdb.org/images/badges/nesting-rules.svg
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[css-url]: https://cssdb.org/#nesting-rules
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[discord]: https://discord.gg/bUadyRwkJS
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[npm-img]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/postcss-nesting.svg
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[npm-url]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/postcss-nesting
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[CSS Nesting]: https://drafts.csswg.org/css-nesting-1/
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[PostCSS]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss
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[PostCSS Nesting]: https://github.com/csstools/postcss-plugins/tree/main/plugins/postcss-nesting
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[Deno]: https://deno.land/x/postcss_nesting
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[PostCSS Nested]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss-nested
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[Sass]: https://sass-lang.com/
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[CSS Nesting Module]: https://www.w3.org/TR/css-nesting-1/
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