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PostCSS Cascade Layers

PostCSS Cascade Layers lets you use @layer following the Cascade Layers Specification. For more information on layers, checkout A Complete Guide to CSS Cascade Layers by Miriam Suzanne.


target {
	color: purple;
}

@layer {
	target {
		color: green;
	}
}


/* becomes */


target:not(#\#) {
	color: purple;
}

target {
		color: green;
	}

How it works

PostCSS Cascade Layers creates "layers" of specificity.

It applies extra specificity on all your styles based on :

the most specific selector found
the order in which layers are defined

for @layer A, B, C:

layer	specificity adjustment	selector
`A`	0	N/A
`B`	3	`:not(#/#):not(#/#):not(#/#)`
`C`	6	`:not(#/#):not(#/#):not(#/#):not(#/#):not(#/#):not(#/#)`

This approach lets more important (later) layers always override less important (earlier) layers.
And layers have enough room internally so that each selector works and overrides as expected.

More layers with more specificity will cause longer :not(...) selectors to be generated.

⚠️ For this to work the plugin needs to analyze your entire stylesheet at once.
If you have different assets that are unaware of each other it will not work correctly as the analysis will be incorrect.

Usage

Add PostCSS Cascade Layers to your project:

npm install postcss @csstools/postcss-cascade-layers --save-dev

Use it as a PostCSS plugin:

const postcss = require('postcss');
const postcssCascadeLayers = require('@csstools/postcss-cascade-layers');

postcss([
	postcssCascadeLayers(/* pluginOptions */)
]).process(YOUR_CSS /*, processOptions */);

PostCSS Cascade Layers runs in all Node environments, with special instructions for:

Node	PostCSS CLI	Webpack	Create React App	Gulp	Grunt

Options

onRevertLayerKeyword

The onRevertLayerKeyword option enables warnings if revert-layer is used. Transforming revert-layer for older browsers is not possible in this plugin.

Defaults to warn

postcssCascadeLayers({ onRevertLayerKeyword: 'warn' }) // 'warn' | false

/* [postcss-cascade-layers]: handling "revert-layer" is unsupported by this plugin and will cause style differences between browser versions. */
@layer {
	.foo {
		color: revert-layer;
	}
}

onConditionalRulesChangingLayerOrder

The onConditionalRulesChangingLayerOrder option enables warnings if layers are declared in multiple different orders in conditional rules. Transforming these layers correctly for older browsers is not possible in this plugin.

Defaults to warn

postcssCascadeLayers({ onConditionalRulesChangingLayerOrder: 'warn' }) // 'warn' | false

/* [postcss-cascade-layers]: handling different layer orders in conditional rules is unsupported by this plugin and will cause style differences between browser versions. */
@media (min-width: 10px) {
	@layer B {
		.foo {
			color: red;
		}
	}
}

@layer A {
	.foo {
		color: pink;
	}
}

@layer B {
	.foo {
		color: red;
	}
}

onImportLayerRule

The @import at-rule can also be used with cascade layers, specifically to create a new layer like so:

@import 'theme.css' layer(utilities);

If your CSS uses @import with layers, you will also need the postcss-import plugin. This plugin alone will not handle the @import at-rule.

This plugin will warn you when it detects that postcss-import did not transform@import at-rules.

postcssCascadeLayers({ onImportLayerRule: 'warn' }) // 'warn' | false

Contributors

The contributors to this plugin were Olu Niyi-Awosusi and Sana Javed from Oddbird and Romain Menke.

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