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212 lines
5.3 KiB
212 lines
5.3 KiB
# co |
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[![Gitter][gitter-image]][gitter-url] |
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[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url] |
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[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url] |
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[![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url] |
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[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url] |
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Generator based control flow goodness for nodejs and the browser, |
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using promises, letting you write non-blocking code in a nice-ish way. |
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## Co v4 |
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`co@4.0.0` has been released, which now relies on promises. |
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It is a stepping stone towards [ES7 async/await](https://github.com/lukehoban/ecmascript-asyncawait). |
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The primary API change is how `co()` is invoked. |
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Before, `co` returned a "thunk", which you then called with a callback and optional arguments. |
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Now, `co()` returns a promise. |
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```js |
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co(function* () { |
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var result = yield Promise.resolve(true); |
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return result; |
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}).then(function (value) { |
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console.log(value); |
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}, function (err) { |
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console.error(err.stack); |
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}); |
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``` |
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If you want to convert a `co`-generator-function into a regular function that returns a promise, |
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you now use `co.wrap(fn*)`. |
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```js |
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var fn = co.wrap(function* (val) { |
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return yield Promise.resolve(val); |
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}); |
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fn(true).then(function (val) { |
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}); |
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``` |
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## Platform Compatibility |
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`co@4+` requires a `Promise` implementation. |
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For versions of node `< 0.11` and for many older browsers, |
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you should/must include your own `Promise` polyfill. |
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When using node 0.11.x or greater, you must use the `--harmony-generators` |
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flag or just `--harmony` to get access to generators. |
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When using node 0.10.x and lower or browsers without generator support, |
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you must use [gnode](https://github.com/TooTallNate/gnode) and/or [regenerator](http://facebook.github.io/regenerator/). |
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io.js is supported out of the box, you can use `co` without flags or polyfills. |
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## Installation |
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``` |
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$ npm install co |
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``` |
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## Associated libraries |
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Any library that returns promises work well with `co`. |
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- [mz](https://github.com/normalize/mz) - wrap all of node's code libraries as promises. |
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View the [wiki](https://github.com/visionmedia/co/wiki) for more libraries. |
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## Examples |
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```js |
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var co = require('co'); |
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co(function *(){ |
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// yield any promise |
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var result = yield Promise.resolve(true); |
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}).catch(onerror); |
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co(function *(){ |
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// resolve multiple promises in parallel |
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var a = Promise.resolve(1); |
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var b = Promise.resolve(2); |
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var c = Promise.resolve(3); |
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var res = yield [a, b, c]; |
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console.log(res); |
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// => [1, 2, 3] |
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}).catch(onerror); |
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// errors can be try/catched |
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co(function *(){ |
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try { |
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yield Promise.reject(new Error('boom')); |
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} catch (err) { |
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console.error(err.message); // "boom" |
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} |
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}).catch(onerror); |
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function onerror(err) { |
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// log any uncaught errors |
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// co will not throw any errors you do not handle!!! |
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// HANDLE ALL YOUR ERRORS!!! |
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console.error(err.stack); |
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} |
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``` |
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## Yieldables |
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The `yieldable` objects currently supported are: |
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- promises |
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- thunks (functions) |
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- array (parallel execution) |
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- objects (parallel execution) |
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- generators (delegation) |
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- generator functions (delegation) |
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Nested `yieldable` objects are supported, meaning you can nest |
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promises within objects within arrays, and so on! |
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### Promises |
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[Read more on promises!](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) |
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### Thunks |
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Thunks are functions that only have a single argument, a callback. |
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Thunk support only remains for backwards compatibility and may |
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be removed in future versions of `co`. |
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### Arrays |
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`yield`ing an array will resolve all the `yieldables` in parallel. |
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```js |
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co(function* () { |
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var res = yield [ |
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Promise.resolve(1), |
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Promise.resolve(2), |
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Promise.resolve(3), |
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]; |
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console.log(res); // => [1, 2, 3] |
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}).catch(onerror); |
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``` |
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### Objects |
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Just like arrays, objects resolve all `yieldable`s in parallel. |
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```js |
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co(function* () { |
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var res = yield { |
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1: Promise.resolve(1), |
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2: Promise.resolve(2), |
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}; |
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console.log(res); // => { 1: 1, 2: 2 } |
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}).catch(onerror); |
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``` |
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### Generators and Generator Functions |
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Any generator or generator function you can pass into `co` |
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can be yielded as well. This should generally be avoided |
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as we should be moving towards spec-compliant `Promise`s instead. |
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## API |
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### co(fn*).then( val => ) |
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Returns a promise that resolves a generator, generator function, |
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or any function that returns a generator. |
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```js |
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co(function* () { |
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return yield Promise.resolve(true); |
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}).then(function (val) { |
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console.log(val); |
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}, function (err) { |
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console.error(err.stack); |
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}); |
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``` |
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### var fn = co.wrap(fn*) |
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Convert a generator into a regular function that returns a `Promise`. |
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```js |
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var fn = co.wrap(function* (val) { |
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return yield Promise.resolve(val); |
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}); |
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fn(true).then(function (val) { |
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}); |
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``` |
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## License |
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MIT |
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[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/co.svg?style=flat-square |
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[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/co |
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[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/tj/co.svg?style=flat-square |
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[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/tj/co |
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[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/tj/co.svg?style=flat-square |
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[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/tj/co |
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[downloads-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/co.svg?style=flat-square |
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[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/co |
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[gitter-image]: https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg |
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[gitter-url]: https://gitter.im/tj/co?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge
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